Counselling Skills Essay

The term of Humanistic opening is an umbrella term. In fact it covers several arisees that embrace the idea of somebodys world inherently untroubled and a positive attitude towards servicemanity in essence.The near famed would be the person centered approach by Carl Rogers. Rogers studied Psychodynamic theory still his personality drove to focus more on feelings and less(prenominal) on the unconscious mind. He developed a form of therapy that was non-directive by the therapist, allowing the lymph gland to lead the session.Rogers considered the knob to be the expert of himself, with the ability to heal himself if the conditions were right. He thought that interior growth in people would happened when we were experienced by nighone else with no judgements, complete respect, acceptance and honesty. Rogers would call these the core conditions. To take in these right conditions would be the task of the therapist.Rogers defined these core conditions as Empathy, legitimacy a nd Acceptance.Empathy can be defined as understanding a shoes from the other persons perspective. This understanding would then have to be communicated back to the thickening. Instead of taking a solving problem approach towards the contents the client might be turn overing, the therapist would try to understand them from the taper of view of the client, from the place the person is at that time. When this happens, the client feels that their view is valid, that in that respect is value in their thoughts and that they ar therefore accepted.Genuineness can be defined as being open and real towards the client, admitting our imperfections if needed be. Rogers didnt believe in the therapist as an aloof, impersonal expert but as mortal that was transparently real to his clients.Genuineness can be communicated in different slipway. It could be through our body language, by maintaining an open posture, not sitting behind a desk and not taking notes. It could withal be by disclosi ng personal details closelyyourself so the client can see your humanness too or sharing how youve tangle close to something the client might have shared.Acceptance, also screw as unconditional positive regard or warmth is about not judging people and instead accepting them unconditionally and believing they are worthy on their own right.By doing this, the client feels free to look and to express himself without having to behave in a particular way or trying to gain the therapists approval. He is accepted and allowed as a whole person, whether the therapist approves of their actions or not. This approach to therapy believes these conditions are required and sufficient for therapeutic change to occur, that growth will inevitably follow and the client will develop their own way or self-actualise and sustain true to himself, independent of external pressures. This is the goal in Humanistic possible action.Cognitive-Behavioural TheoryAlbert Ellis and Aaron Beck developed this mo del after training in the Psychodynamic approach. They both respectively realised that focus should be on conscious thoughts and that painful, repetitive and surreal thought were the cause of issues. Over time their ideas have been put unitedly and blended with some of Rogers.The core idea underlying CBT is that is not sheaths that seduce unhappiness or ill-being but our thoughts and emotions about those events. To learn to opine in good order and realistically is the goal of CBT.In a CBT approach, the relationship amid client and therapist is collaborative. The therapists aim is to teach the client how to think realistically and the behavioral skills relevant to the client.Before they start, goals and a time frame are agreed, progress is measured and the therapy ends when these goals are achieved. The client is also invited to accept actions to do each week as a form of homework.The crowning(prenominal) goal of this kind of therapy is for the therapist to teach the clien t all they know and the techniques necessary so that he can continue to be in charge of his own well-being. To achieve this, the therapist may use some of the tools idiosyncratic to CBT scaling, to give an indication of where the client is and measuring progress, exposure therapy, being gradually closer to an object or situation that causes fear until desensitisation occurs, or training of the skills needed by the client.The core of CBT is based on the first rudiment model by Ellis and the Automatic thoughts model by Beck.The ABC model of personality and emotional disturbance shows the link between thoughts and emotions. Ellis believed it was the individuals response or interpretation of an event based in their own internal beliefs (which could be rational or irrational) what caused issues to arise. It wasnt the event itself but the individuals reaction to it that was damaging.The description of automatic thoughts would be of fleeting, involuntary thoughts and images that we are on ly semi- conscious of. Beck realised these irrational thoughts, when negative or unrealistic could cause emotional distress and disorders.CBT teaches the client to be aware of these cognitive distortions, to monitor activating events that would spark disturbance and to recognise the connections between thinking, emotions and conduct. Also, it aims to teach to test these maladaptive beliefs by examining the actual evidence for them and to finally substitute these negative thoughts for more realistic thinking.Psychodynamic TheoryThis approach is generally based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He focused on the such(prenominal) as importance of the unconscious as the force directing our behaviour. He also made links between our experiences in childhood andpresent behavioural problems, placing an strong emphasis on the role of sexual postulate and repression in the development of of personality.Freud developed a model that divided the human personality in three areas the Ego, the Super ego and the Id.The Ego would be the collection of behavioural rules and beliefs acquired during childhood and would act as a mediator between the Id and the Superego. It would proportion impulses and expectations, unrealistic dreams and reality.The Id would be the animal, infantile part of our psyche, generating impulsive urges for instant atonement such as food, drugs, pleasure, sex, etc.The Superego would be the internal judge, our conscience, the internalized authority figure. It criticises our behaviour and thoughts.Freud thought that the first seven years of a persons life were the most significantly developmentally. This was be the time when our unconscious would be populated, not just by events, but also by how we reacted to those events. To nominate a conscious connection to those experiences and examining them is the core of a Psychodynamic approach. Some of the ways in which the unconscious could be uncovered are the phenomenon of transference, the significance of drea ms and demurrer mechanisms.Transference would happen when the client would repeat patterns of behaviour, towards the therapist or someone else that reveal an issue from the past. An example could be the way they feel about the therapist, mirroring their relationship with a parent or other authority figure, perhaps signalling an unsolved conflict.Dreams were thought to be extremely important for the understanding of the unconscious mind. They were considered our unconscious way of processing and dealing with events and by noting and examining them, important tastecould be gained.Freud also noticed the use of self-denial mechanisms. These are behaviours or patterns of thought that impede the clear understanding of a particular issue by the client. Behaviours such as resistance, denial or over-rationalisation are the most common. These patterns happen because of the fear people might have to change, the discomfort about the unknown that makes them stick to their old patterns of beh aviour, even if they are not efficacious any more. Once that real understanding of what the client is defending against is reached, the defence can be given up.