Race, Class, and Gender in the United States Essay

Rothenberg paints an oppressive picture for women, the financi each(prenominal)y oppressed and minority members of bon ton. The origin presents compel essays of campaign, sex activity and contrastiveiate which examine the social construct of apiece come out. Race has been defined as the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent favorable position of a particular take to the woods. This has produced the view that Euro-Americans social, cultural, and scotch advantaged position must be maintained at the expense of others as the normal life.The influential power of race, gender and severalise be explained and illustrated with the collection of essays. The dynamics of power are divided based on different social phaseifications. Concrete Responses The essays included present a compelling further biased study within the context of chassis, race and gender. score shows racism has been clearly practiced in the past howe ver lots has been done to correct the unbridgeable and immutable differences in race, gender and class status in the get together States.Rothenberg emphasizes, in the collection of essays, past views of Euro-Americans high quality in recognition and abilities over darker whittlened races. Throughout the history of the unify States, discrimination against race and gender has been documented thus creating various classes fit to race and gender. Racism has been defined as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010).While discrimination is described as macrocosm the process by which deuce stimuli differing in some tantrum are responded to differently (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010). Discrimination encompasses a much larger circumference than racism. People v. Hall, 1854, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857, and Bradwell v. Illinois, 1873 created a class difference in the ruling of each(prenominal) case in the midst of Euro-American males, Indians, Negroes, Chinese and women (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 495).Skin color differences give up been survey to explain intellectual, physical and artistic differences, thus justifying varying treatment between racially different individuals (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 17). A person of property was considered of superior intelligence and character (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 8). The claim that race is a social construction takes issue with the once popular belief that people were born into different races with innate, biologically based differences in intellect, temperament, and character (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 10).Michael Omi and Howard Winant maintain that Race is more a political categorization that a biological or scientific course of study (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 10). Racial distinctions can be correlated with frugal and political changes in the golf club of the United States. In California, 1854, the state Supreme judgeship rule in the case, People v. Hall that Chinese Americans should be barred from testifying against whites as Indians and Negroes had previously been barred with a California statue. The judges marked Chinese-Americans as inferior, and are incapable of progress or intellectual development beyond a certain point (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 495). Orientals and Hispanics were regarded to be naturally suited to perpetrate brutal, sometimes crippling, farm jab which whites were physically unsuited to perform. In 1857, the United States Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford stated that Negroes were never considered a part of the people of the United States (Rothenberg, 2010, 495). Gender refers to the particular set of socially constructed meanings associated with each sex (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010).Men and women have been portrayed as wintry opposites with different abilities. The nonion of difference itself is constructed and suggests that the claim that women and men are naturally and profoundly different reflects a political and social decision sort of than a distinction given in nature. In 1873, the Supreme Court ruled in Bradwell v. Illinois that women could not practice law and added further humiliation arguing that women belong in the domestic sphere (Rothenberg, 2010, 495). Every society has different options on what constitutes a womans gender habit verses a mans role.While Roe v. Wade, 1973, is considered a probatory stride forward in womens rights, the after effects of the miscarriage rights given have for open debate on the benefits this case has brought to the womens movement. Spiritually, man and wife should be as one flesh (Genesis 224) and a helpmate to each other (Genesis 218), not in competition with each other for power. In the past, attitudes against races and gender other than Euro-American males have restricted the right to vote, own property, and even extended to the forced evacuation of Japanese-Americans into relocation camps.Clearly, discrimination has existed in this dry land however, the twentieth century has seen the ripening of large and diverse movements for race and gender justice (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 497). However, Rothenbergs furiousness on race and gender portray differences as unbridgeable and immutable, irrespective of any social programs or education. Reflection Rothenbergs collection of essays is informative of historical discrimination and the opinions of a number of authors however, there are 2 sides to every story.Rothenberg has presented only one side of the race, class, and gender issues in an risky fashion. All evil has not been created by Euro-Americans. Pem Davidson Buck states that northern Whites looked overcome their noses at the Irish in the similar manner they looked at drop by the wayside Blacks (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35). This created a psychological wage (Buck as quoted by Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35) , instead of pecuniary gain, such as the employee of the month or assigned parking places (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35).Calvinism taught being poor was a punishment from God while success was a sign of being righteous with God. This further created differences in class among the American society, including discrimination of women, people of color, and homophobia. Differences between rich and poor, white and black, men and women are socially constructed as innate differences among people. Then they are used to swerve or justify the unequal distribution of wealth and power that results from economic decisions made to perpetuate liberty.The status of various occupations and class positions they imply often changes depending on whether the occupation is predominately female or male. This particular discrimination overly led to more domestication of women. Status began to be calculated if a woman could stay home (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36). If a woman was forced into the labor force, the fa mily didnt meet the cultural requirements for white privilege (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36). The categories of gender, race and class reflect culturally constructed differences that maintain the prevailing distribution of power and privilege in a society.Constructed differences are altered in relation to social, political and economic changes. The argument seems to fluxuate between racism and culturism. If cultural status is lost due to a woman working, that has very little to do with to which race she belongs. As stated in Bucks essay (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36), immanent men redefined themselves by their class position as skilled chemical mechanism working for better wages under better conditions (p. 36) due to the monomania of their muckle tools and their hard work ethic (Rothenberg, 2010, p.36). Again this is cultural sort of than racial. Any craftsmen, no matter what color his skin, can buy the tools of his trade to better his position. Rothenberg tends to be angry at this coun trys struggles against racism, class and gender. She has collected many angry essays to support her racial and feminist opinions but has not shown more than a minimal reference to how far this country has progressed for all races and genders to be We the People of the United States (U.S. temperament, 1776) forming a more complete Union under God. Action This book has given me much regimen for thought. During the reading of this book, I have been more consciously aware of the different races and cultures in my workplace. While I dont agree with Rothenbergs apparent view that racial and gender discrimination continues in our society today as it has throughout our countrys history, I do see a tendency towards a reverse discrimination.Since my husband joined corporate America almost two years ago, Ive watched him dud promotions, even though he is very productive and conscientious in his work, so that a minority, usually a woman, could have the position, even though her employee reco rd is full of criticism of her work ethic. White males continue to be punished today for the actions and attitudes of their forefathers even though most do not hold those same discriminatory beliefs.While I am not unconscious of race, I do not identify an individual as part of a particular race in my first idea or description of them. As I have illustrated with my students, no two people whether light or dark skinned are the same color. The biggest wish I have for my students is for them to be able to unzip their skin so that color is not visible to each other at all. As future medical assistants, surgical technicians, pharmacy technicians and nursing assistants, these students sine qua non to see past race, gender and even class.As a teacher, I strive not to make decisions based on race or gender. Class is not an issue for me in the class room since all students dress in scrubs according to school dress code. Lao Tzu said, Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him h ow to fish and you feed him for a lifetime(n. d. ). I am a firm believer that regardless of race, gender or class that our country was founded to give everyone an equal opportunity to pursue life, liberty and felicitousness with hard work and education.If I can give my students a wiz of work ethic along with the academic and technical skills they need, I give have given them the tools to succeed financially and in their chosen professions.ReferencesDiscrimination. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved magisterial 13, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/discrimination gender. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/gender Lao Tzu. (n. d. ). BrainyQuote. com.Retrieved August 13, 2010, from BrainyQuote. com Web site http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/l/laotzu121559. html Mount, Steve. (2001)The Constitution of the United States, Preamble. USConstitution. net. U . S. Constitution online. Retrieved August 12, 2010 from http//www. usconstitution. net/const. html racism. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/racism Rothenberg, P. (2010), Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. New York worthy Publishers.