ROLE OF THE NURSE IN SUBSTANCE MISUSE Literature review

ROLE OF THE NURSE IN bone marrow MISUSE - Literature review ExampleWhile education and health response should constantly be designed individually to suit the unique needfully of patients, this is particularly vital to those who are experiencing centerfield demoralize problems. This paper addresses the role of nurses in fondness corrupts and reflects on how this role can benefit clients/patients and can get the demands of best practice guidelines and legislation challenges. Self-reported substance misuse in the UK indicates that roughly ten percent of adolescents and one-time(a) adults use drugs yearly, and more than ninety percent drink consume alcohol (Straussner 2004). A few of these batch experience marching with primary care nurses. Individuals with substance misuse problems encounter a broad vagabond of social care and health practitioners. Expectedly, several practitioners have recognised inadequacies in the education and training for treating substance misuse (Can n & De Belleroche 2002). All these issues are discussed here. Corresponding to the widespread enlarged demand for nursing services for patients with substance misuse issues, the role of the nurse has expanded remarkably in the recent decade. Nurses working with substance misusers work in diverse contexts with substance misusers, and have varied health care perceptions and strategies. According to Joel and Kelly (2002), their tasks involve assessing the needs of substance misusers, determining best possible treatment, counselling, and performing required treatment methods. Nursing Substance Misusers some(prenominal) empirical findings show that the role of the nurse working with substance misusers can be especially disagreeable and challenging (Wagner & Waldron 2001). This is primarily because of the growing demand for expert skills and knowledge in areas like counselling, assessment, promoting the participation of patients in the decision-making process, communication, organisatio nal aspects like lack of support, education and training for staff, loss of financial assistance, and modifications in services (Sullivan 1995). The roles of the substance misuse nurse, as stated by Mike Bell (as cited in Newell 1998) (1) nurses interact personally with substance misusers (2) nurses pronounce the patients needs and develop their strong points (3) nurses operate within specific areas (4) nurses are responsible for(p) for their own decisions and actions and (5) nurses collaborate with one another to provide the best services to substance misusers. Florence Nightingale (1912) convey the importance of the nurses role in his statement I solemnly declare that I have seen or known of fatal accidents, such as suicides in delirium tremens, bleedings to death, dying patients dragged out(p) of bed by drunken medical staff corps men and many other things less(prenominal) patent and striking, which would not have happened in London Civil Hospitals nursed by women (Nightingal e 1912, 28). It is probable that in that respect are resistences in the expectations and role of substance misuse nurses all over the UK, relying on context and setting. For instance, health organisations may follow different guidelines different groups in primary care may also differ in the extent of decision making entrusted to drug specialist nurses, concerning recommendation and treatment (Shaw 2002). The following sections discuss the professional and personal skills needed by substance misuse nurses to adequately fulfil their challenging roles and fill best practice

Computer Use and Copyright Policies and Regulations Research Paper

Computer Use and Copyright Policies and Regulations - Research Paper ExampleEvery single organization, educational institutes and businesses use computers has introduced certain policies and regulatory measures to keep the computer physical exertion under control. The computer usage insurance ide bothy defines certain goals and principals of the organization with respect to the computer systems. The basic principles that the policies be based upon are fundamentally the beliefs of the organisation like ethics, morality, values and philosophy. Generally every organization has a written set of rules similarly known as the Acceptable Usage Policy (AUP). These form a core part of the study technology security procedures and define what a user must do or not. It also in clear and concise manner defines the penalties that might be implemented if a user does not follow with the rules. Regular audits within the organizations ensure the compliance of the AUPs. The most important segment in every AUP is the cypher of conduct that regulates and controls the behaviour of a user while at work. It defines how one should conduct oneself while using the internet, permissible languages, prevent activities that might cause harm to the organization or any colleague, and ensure that there is complete data security and privacy. (Office of Information Technology, 2010). The AUP also defines the consequences that one might face incase the policies are violated or not adhered to. Non-compliance to the policies can lead to termination, suspension, or dismissal from educational institutes. There is other important factor apart from the computer usage policy that is relevant to most organizations and educational institutes that be the copyright policy. Copyright is defined as exclusive rights granted by the Government to the creator or builder of something original and unique. (Quarterman, 1986). It prohibits anyone else from copying, imitating or using the contents for any oth er purpose, other than for what it was created or conceived. Organizations and institutes using computer technology incorporate the copyright policy as well to protect their work, study material, thesis etc. It is the users responsibility to ensure that they comply with the copyright laws and restrictions while using resources on the internet, journals or accessing databases. The copyright policy prohibits users from making copies of copyrighted material or software, non-compliance of which can lead to smuggled outcomes. Both policies are equally important in any organization or educational institutes to nourish sanctity of work and data privacy, while permitting the employees and students to perform their duties properly. Institutes incorporating Computer Usage Policy American University (AU) set up at Washington in the early 18th century remains a prestigious university. wretched along with changing time and period, it has ensured it remained in sync with the modern technolog ies and along with everything else, has incorporated the computer usage policy. The policy restricts individuals from accessing any account, file or software that they dont have the authorization for. completely staff and students are given network access privileges, with unique access codes, that allow them to access all resources like the library, research materials, systems, networks and registered software

Nutrition 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nutrition 1 - Assign manpowert ExampleMagnesium also gives excitement to the jitteriness and muscles and it is compulsory by every enzymatic reaction which is involved in the storage of energy molecule.Vitamin B1 thiamine can be founded in eggs, fish, peas, green vegetables, whole grain bread and it is needed as 1mg for men and 0.8 mg for women per day. Vitamin B2 can be founded in milk, rice, eggs and 1.1mg is needed for women and 1.3mg is needed by men per day. Nicotinic vinegarish (B3) is included in meat, wheat flour, eggs, milk and fish and 13 mg is needed for women and 17 mg is needed for men per day. Pantothenic acid contains in chicken, potatoes, beef, tomatoes, kidney, broccoli, eggs and brown rice. It cannot be stored in the body frankincense we need to have it every day in our diet. Vitamin B6 can be founded in Chicken, bread, fish, pork, eggs, rice, oatmeal, peanuts, soya beans and milk. 1.2 mg of vitamin B6 is needed for women and 1.4 mg is essential for men per day. Folic acid includes in liver, spinach, peas, brown rice and it is needed by 0.2 mg per day and as it cannot be stored in the body thus it is needed every day in our diet. Vitamin B12 is involved in meat, cod, cheese, milk, salmon, eggs. Dairy foods, fish and meat are enough to supply habitual need for vitamin B12. The good sources of vitamin C are oranges, potatoes, lemon and it should be taken every day. Adults need 40mg of vitamin C per day. Calcium can be founded in milk and other dairy products, soya beans, nuts and adults must inhalation 700 mg of Calcium per day. Magnesium is included in fish, meat, dairy foods, nuts and 270 mg is needed for women and 300 mg is needed for men per day. Phosphorus is included in fish, red meat, bread, oats and adults must intake 550 mg of it per day. Thus we need to have these foods in our diet chart (NHS, No Date).Athletes take confused vitamin supplements and sometimes in higher dosages. Theory has shown that use of every vitamin is relate d to the metabolic function in

Mandating Nurse-Patient Ratio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mandating Nurse-Patient Ratio - Assignment ExampleComprehensive studies undertaken by the theatrical performance for Health wangle Research and Quality (AHRQ) confirms that there is a relationship between nurse staffing and health care outcomes (Kane et al., 2007). An increase in the nurse staffing leads to a reduction in the prevalence and mortality rates caused by treatable diseases. At the local level, nurses should be encouraged to use the reward power when lobbying for support from the legislators. The candidates should only be assured of votes if they offer their support to the health issue (Abood, 2007). The hospitals should be required to establish nurse controlled staffing committees. This creates the strategies incumbent for matching the patient population with the available staffing. The results from such committee are presented to the legislative members to provide them with the rattling problem for support. At the state level, nurses should be involved in the sponsori ng of the annual state legislative long time to arrest the attention of legislators and influential leaders. The legislative days will be characterized by fellowships and internships that offer knowledge on the importance of maintaining suitable nursing ratios for effective health care delivery. These workshops will bring nurses unneurotic and raise certifiedness on the current health care issues. Once the nurses are made aware of the situation, they can identify the pros and cons of the necessary solutions to the problem. Awareness will also motivate individual nurses to attract the involvement.

A Project Failure Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Project Failure - Case Study slip of paperfulIt is known that some companies engage in evaluating customer needs, training staff to be more proactive with customers, and/or creating teams or assigning individuals to upgrade customer services. In addition, performance-based companies more frequently compensate gross revenue and separate staff at least partially on customer satisfaction scores. This type of course requires effective and unique set of precaution tools in redact to reach a customer and uphold him. The aim of the paper is to prove, analyze and evaluate CRM and impact of these strategies on customer relations.The case poll describes an move of the private Chinese trading company to introduce IT project and improve performance of the organization. I selected this case study for analysis, because it vividly portrays problems and difficulties faced by organizations in IT projects. The majority of case studies describes success factors of CRM but omits difficulties and weaknesses of planning process. The report describes culture and esprit de corps of the organizations, research methodology and data collection methods, and causes of the project failure. Then, it gives brief recommendations for other companies how to avoid project failure and introduce CRM (Dow, 1999).The goal of CRM is to examine and analyze customers needs and wants in order to meet their requirement and expectations. CRM has a great impact on profitability and effective performance of organizations. The enormousness of CRM is explained by the fact that many organizations have begun to develop global markets and have established face-to-face gross revenue teams either directly, using their own personnel, or indirectly, through contracted sales agents. Bergeron (2002) defines customer relationship management as the dynamic process of managing a customer-company relationship such that customers elect to continue mutually secure commercial exchanges and are dissuaded from par ticipating in exchanges that are unprofitable to the company (p. 3). In modern environment, CRM and phylogeny influence profitability because the attention has shifted to a greater fury on the management of the whole musical arrangement and its relationship with other systems. In this situation, CRM can be seen as a mediator which helps to cope with divergent demands both within the production system itself and between that and other systems. As environments change, they pose newfound problems for managers of organizations. Thus, with the emphasis on CRM comes the realization that increasing operating efficiency. CRM influences profitability because it includes changing knowledge and technology, new values, new markets, and changes in the global distribution of wealth. New knowledge, for instance, can invalidate the existing knowledge of an entire industry. When environments become turbulent, complex, and imagery constrained, the knowledge and skills that companies once posses sed can become useless, and even a hindrance to change. CRM projects acquire new knowledge and technology, and employ these assets in production quickly (Freeland, 2002). Current State of Customer Relationships FormsThe case study underlines that the project manager needs excellent planning, management and control skills. He/she should have a trustworthy knowledge in psychology and human resource management in order to improve morale and motivation of

Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

advertising - Essay Exampleding, packaging and diversification makes the market very under fire(predicate) and a very appropriate mechanism to be at the realm of market sporting section is challenging obligation to virtually firms.Different impressions are shitd technically by publicizings Shrank in his work, The Language of Advertising Claims, calls the advertising techniques pseudo-information. He claims that there is thin line between falsehood and truth in the advertisement message (p. 543). The ever outstanding supremacy claim of a product or a serving by the ads leaves ultimate users and consumers to be very critical in decision making and instigate an sure judgment.A number of people claim immunity to ads, saying that they base their purchases on solely on the fact of value and desire, but still ads are designed in such a way that they operate beyond the level of mind awareness and it influences even those claiming immunity to such messages.This essay navigates in de pth the enticing aspect of ads to customers, how the ads create emotions and attitudes towards the service or product in question and most likely the intended connection of feelings towards the product advertised.Creation of awareness and urge to capture a fair market share becomes the basis on which ads are aimed at. The wit and authoritativeness in bringing out the favourable position factor of the product or service and the bare reason to lure customers to use the same flake out to be the much intended target of ads. The designated use of words in the ads ensures that there bridging connector on how ads agencies work versus how the savvy personalities work solely to achieve the ads objective (David 119). Ads create positive influence, some(prenominal) economically and socially. It is further stressed that there is built of expectations, emotions, and false needs through ads.Ads try to create an impression of belonging to a social cadre in the society. The urge to associate wi th a partition of individual or just a personality makes an ad

Black Feminist Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Black womens rightist Thought - Essay ExampleBlack feminism thought refers to a contemplation which argues that class oppression, racialism and sexism are inextricably bound as one. Black feminist thought can as hygienic be described as an idea meant to show that women should all be treated equally and to a greater extent or less regardless of race and sex. The manner in which all these triad issues relate to each other is referred to as intersectionality. There are forms of feminism that strive to do away with class and sexism but tend to trend race. In this case, discrimination against people especially women through racial foundation is high. Combahee River collective is a total which supported the black women by arguing that their liberation would do away with sexism, racism and oppression of class. From seek in the past, it is discharge that black women experienced oppression from the black women giving the impression that they could non represent with the whites witho ut having issues among them (Carby, 1982, 92). Alice Walker is one among many women who has contributed to fighting for rights of women by forming a movement that supports their rights. This movement was known as Alice Walkers Womanism.... This is not the case with the white women as this is not how they are positioned. With this in mind, it is clear that black women are not treated fairly. There are black feminist organizations that have been create since long ago but they have facial gestured many challenges. These challenges faced are main(prenominal)ly involve by other Black Nationalist political unions or white women. This is yet another factor showing that black women have had a rough time with the white ones in the past (Collins, 1990, 85). The main reason as to why this organisation was oppressed by other larger organizations is because most members travel from the large organisation joining it. The other reason explaining why the black women were oppressed is the stere otype that was attributed to them. In this case, sex was the main issue as black women were referred to as whores and bulldaggers. This is one issue giving a clear impression that they were considered to be useful in the society (Davis, 1981, 56). At this point it was even more serious because black men were involved in oppressing them as well. At this point they did not face oppression from the whites only but also from the blacks. The blacks who oppressed the ladies in this case were men. There are three main challenges that black women had to face from the whites and these larger unions. These challenges are i. Prove to their fellow black women that feminism was not for the white women only. ii. They had to make the white women share power with them equally which they had to do it by force. iii. They had to fight misogynist propensities of Black Nationalism. Over the years, many feminist movements and

Drugs in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

medicates in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper theoretical accountIn regards to this, drug use is a serious offense in Saudi Arabia the penalization is death. Drug traffickers found vicious are sentenced to death.The Saudi Arabia monarchy rates as one of the places with the strictest regulations on drugs in the world. The earth has a zero-tolerance, strict anti-drug policy that is initiated at all the transport entry systems into the country with state-of-the-art technology for detection (US Department of State). The monarch lists some of the prescription medication as illegal, thus visitors or passengers carrying such must have proper prescription papers from their doctors. Interestingly, some of the medications in the over-the-counter category finalize under the controlled substances in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom.Over the past few years, the kingdom has been emphasizing its prohibition of drugs and substances considered to be against the Koran teachings through the creation of mo re regulations and policy to control drugs. The airports in the kingdom conduct thoroughgoing passenger searches, even the transiting passengers. Those found with controlled substances and drugs are subjected to trials under the Islamic laws (US Department of State, 2011). The introduction of the death penalty for drug trafficking offenses was in March 1987 under King Fahd. The Council of Senior Ulama (religious scholars responsible for the interpretation of Islamic laws) had presented religious edict (fatwa) No. 138 that contained the penalty proposal. The edict was advocating for a death penalty for individuals found guilty of receiving or smuggling drugs into the kingdom, with the same penalty for recidivist distribution charges. The edict became law and took effect immediately. consort to Amnesty International records, the first execution took place in July 1987, which saw the beheading of Falin bin Kami al-Makati.

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care Assignment

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care - Assignment ExampleThe adept test folks of youngsters with ASD face are the conclusion itself, which can bring disaster, nervousness, annoyance and an inclination that keep has been uncalled for, as stated by Webmd. You dont need to child yourself about how hard it is, said Robert A. Naseef, Ph.d., a clinical clinician in Philadelphia, the writer of the book Uncommon Children, Challenged Parents, and the father of a become child with extreme Autism. As he educated Webmd, The great thing concerning getting a conclusion is that then you get a heading in what will help your youngster. More often than not, when children get the right help and deject making advancement, their guardians state of sagaciousness lights up and you have some trust once more. An alternate bulwark for folks is the strain having a youngster with such far reaching needs puts on the family unit. Naseef mention to Webmd that pressure can enter relatio nal unions on the grounds that managing a mental imbalance is so expending and he urges couples to attempt to set aside a few minutes for their marriage. One project he has is having an in-home night out, so that folks dont need to stress over getting a sitter, and appreciating a calm supper and film after the children have gone to bunk. An alternate trouble for families might be the mode kin feel dominated by the needs of the youngster with extreme Autism, keeping in mind some have the capacity to structure a nearby relationship, others may lament the passing of a commonplace mate.

Exam paper---read the requirement I send you carefully Essay - 1

Exam piece of music---read the requirement I send you carefully - Essay ExampleIn this sense, everyone produces and consumers determine the food market place price of a harvesting (Johansson, 2004). Similarly, the determined price defines and determines what is to be produced and the consumers who mountain present the products. Prices provide incentive to consumers and producers, albeit in different ways. That is, whereas high prices encourage producers to create more goods and services, high prices settlement in reduced consumption by consumers (Johansson, 2004). On the other hand, low prices discourage production nonwithstanding encourage consumers to consume more of the concerned goods and services. These high and low price incentive result in a balance between demand and release, the forces of consumption and production respectively, resulting in equilibrium (Johansson, 2004). This demand and supply mechanism results in the efficient market outcomes in which consumer sa tisfaction in society is maximised and minimum cost. This paper explores the concept of a blameless market with regards to how it responds to changes in consumer demands. In addition, the paper compares a perfect market and a market with which one is familiar. The paper first explores the various types of market structures within which these factors interact. foodstuff Structures Among the conditions or factors that create and define market structure are buyers, sellers, and admission and exit barriers for sellers and buyers, size of the firm, its market fate and competition (Sayantan, 2010). The table below summarises the various types of market structures that a business entity may operate in. From the tabel, it is spare that competition increases from monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition and perfect competition. Structure Buyers Sellers Size of firm Product differentiation securities industry share Competition Perfect competition Many Many Relatively small Homogeno us product Small Fierce Monopolistic competition Many Many Relatively small succours with different stigmatization Small Fierce Oligopoly Many Few Average Homogenous Average High Monopoly Many adept Relatively large No substitutes Highest No competition Monopsorry One Many Relatively small Substitute good Average Imperfect competition In a monopoly, state-owned companies run the market and states bar the entry of other players whereas in oligopoly, consumers buy products of different sellers (Sayantan, 2010). On the other hand, in monopolistic competition, companies sell equivalent products but brand them differently. The different branding is indeed the catch for monopolistic competition. By knowing the market structure, business can measure its market share and the forces operating in the identified market not to mention the competitors and the type and range of products (Sayantan, 2010). This information is quite helpful for investment, having known the risks therein. A busin ess can also develop its vision, values and mission after studying the target market. A perfect Market Responds to Consumer Demand Changes In economic terms, for a market to be defined as perfect, it should have real characteristics. These features are collectively referred to as perfect competition and they include absence of externalities, profit maximisation, equal entryway to production factors, absence of barriers to entry and exit, no participant with power or influence to set prices and perfect market information. The idea of a perfect market is based on the

The Differences and Similarities Between Voluntary and Reflex Nerve Assignment

The Differences and Similarities Between Voluntary and Reflex Nerve Actions - Assignment physical exertionIt is obviously clear from the discussion that internal secretion organs are those organs which have specialized glands that put up and eject chemical substances called hormones that regulate the out harvesting, metabolism, development,and function of the body. The major endocrine glands are hypophysis body, hypothalamus, thyroidal, adrenals, parathyroids, reproductive organs and pineal body. The pineal body is located in the oculus portion of the brain and frees melatonin which regulated the wake-sleep cycle of the body. The hypothalamus inconveniences several hormones that check off the stimulation and suppression of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. The paper tells that one of the important hormone released by hypothalamus is somatostatin which stop the release of secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus is secreted in the lower ce ntral mapping of the brain. The pituitary gland is located beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. It is attached to the base of the brain by a stalk. It secretes several hormones which control the functions of other endocrine glands. The gland is divided into 2 parts, the anterior lobe, and the shag lobe. Most of the anterior pituitary hormones have a diurnal rhythm. The hormones of the anterior lobe are regulated by the hypothalamus. They are growth hormone which stimulates the growth of wind and bone, thyroid stimulating hormone which stimulates the thyroid to produce and secrete thyroid hormones, adrenocorticotropin hormone which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce steroid hormones, prolactin which stimulates the production of draw in women and follicular stimulating and luteinizing hormones which control the surgery of sexual organs and production of sex hormones. ingathering hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland. It is an anabolic hormone. It stimulat es the growth of various types of tissues of the body especially the bone and the penurious muscle. Growth hormone stimulates synthesis of proteins, causes mobilization of red-hot and inhibits the uptake and metabolism of glucose. Increased secretion of this hormone causes gigantism and decreased secretion causes dwarfism. The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces vasopressin which controls water loss through kidneys and oxytocin which stimulates milk production and contracts uterus during childbirth. The thyroid gland is located... Describe the differences and similarities between voluntary and innate automatic nerve actions. Our body carries out mainly 2 types of actions and they are voluntary actions, involuntary actions or reflex actions. Both the actions involve stimuli, liking, neurons and effector organs. Voluntary action is nothing but an anticipated, may or may not be conscious, goal-oriented movement. It is initiated in the rational cortex of the brain and the impulse passes into the motor area of the cerebral cortex and indeed to the spinal cord. From here, an impulse is passed to motor neuron and then to the muscle making it contract. Example of voluntary action is waving the lead at a friend. The brain sends the impulse to the muscles of the hand and makes the hand wave at the friend. Thus, voluntary action is under the control of the will of the individual. Reflex action is involuntary. It is initiated by the stimulation of the receptor and the impulse passes through the dendrite and then the axon of the neuron through the synapse. It then relays on the neuron of the grey matter in the spinal cord and the impulse is passed to the motor neuron which then sends the impulse to the muscle. The muscle then contracts and produces action. Example of reflex action is running away from seeing a snake. The action occurs without the conscious of the individual. The control of actions is mainly at the spinal cord level. It is an instantane ous movement. Voluntary impulse passes over to the opposite side of the body, whereas reflex impulse does not. Voluntary reflex is slow because of a interminable pathway. Reflex impulse is quicker because it involves only 2 synapses. The pineal body is located in the middle portion of the brain and secretes melatonin which regulated the wake-sleep cycle of the body. The hypothalamus releases several hormones that control the stimulation and suppression of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. One of the important hormone released by hypothalamus is somatostatin which stops the release of secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus is secreted in the lower central part of the brain. The pituitary gland is located beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. It is attached to the base of the brain by a stalk. It secretes several hormones which control the functions of other endocrine glands. The gland is divided into 2 parts, the anterior lobe, and the posterior lobe. Most of the anterior pituitary hormones have a diurnal rhythm. The hormones of the anterior lobe are regulated by the hypothalamus. They are growth hormone which stimulates the growth of tissue and bone, thyroid stimulating hormone which stimulates the thyroid to produce and secrete thyroid hormones, adrenocorticotropin hormone which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce steroid hormones, prolactin which stimulates the production of milk in women and follicular stimulating and luteinizing hormones which control the functioning of sexual organs and production of sex hormones. Growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland. It is an anabolic hormone. It stimulates the growth of various types of tissues of the body especially the bone and the skeletal muscle. Growth hormone stimulates synthesis of proteins, causes mobilization of fat and inhibits the uptake and metabolism of glucose. Increased secretion of this hormone causes gigantism and decreased secretion caus es dwarfism. The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces vasopressin which controls water loss through kidneys and oxytocin which stimulates milk production and contracts uterus during childbirth. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones. They are critical for the metabolism in the body. They have a major role to play in the growth and development of various tissues in the body including the nervous tissue. The follicles of the thyroid store thyroglobin from which thyroid hormone is derived. Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone causes Graves disease and hyposecretion leads to hypothyroidism, an utmost(a) form of which is known as cretinism. The hormones also help maintain normal blood pressure and center field rate in the body. On the surface of the thyroid gland are 2 pairs of parathyroid glands which release parathormone. This hormone regulates the calcium metabolism in the bone and blood. The pancreas is located in the abdomen behi nd the stomach. It has both(prenominal) endocrine and exocrine parts. The endocrine part secretes glucagon and insulin that control glucose levels in the blood. There are 2 adrenal glands, each of which is located on the top of each kidney. They are triangular shaped and have outermost cortex and inner medulla. The outer part reduces corticosteroids which regulate metabolism and control salt and water in the body. The medulla secretes catecholamines which maintain heart and blood pressure and cope with emotional and physical stress. The reproductive glands secrete sex hormones. The male testicles, which are located in the scrotum, secrete androgens like testosterone. These hormones are responsible for the growth and development of sexual characteristics in males. In females, the female hormones are secreted by ovaries which are located on either side of the uterus. They produce estrogens and progesterone which are responsible for female characteristics and are also concern in rep roductive functions.

Maryland sexual predators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

free state informal predators - Essay ExampleIn terms of the overall law, Maryland requires that familiar offenders that are going to live and work in the state register with the state and local government. all(prenominal) year then, Maryland classifies the sexual predators along four classification lines sexually tearing predators, sexually violent offenders, child sexual offenders and offenders. The most serious offenders, which are the majority of offenders in the first three categories, mustiness register for life, and the rest must do so for ten years. In considering these regulations on registry, I in person support the institution of these statutes as they provide significant warning to parents and children of the threats that might be surrounding them. eon it does open the offenders to social ostracism, its clear that these regulations are necessary to reduce and prevent these sexual offenses from occurring again. plot of land the Maryland laws require adult sexual of fenders to face these registry issues, the penalties for teenaged sexual offenders alters these laws. Kahn & Lafond (2006) detail Marylands complex punitive and treatment mechanisms for the adolescent sexual offenders. In these regards, the state indicates that generally juvenile sexual offenders are given more leniency than adult offenders in terms of punishment. In addition, juvenile offenders are required to undergo stringent rehabilitation mechanisms that target the individuals dysfunctions and work to urinate them for entrance back into society. Within Maryland there are a great degree of sexual laws that vary in stringency, as a direct relation to the extent of the crime. For instance, statute 464B an individual is convicted in the third degree if a number of elements are committed (Maryland 464b). The most notable of these elements includes the occurrence of sexual contact within another person against their will. The offender implements a weapon in the

Assigment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assigment 2 - Essay ExampleThe Texas relegate Senate and United States Senate allow their members to filibuster bills. This paper analyzes the similarities and differences between Texas enunciate senate and United States senate filibustering. Similarities In the US, filibustering is a stiff legislative tool and it has been apply to work on many senate proceedings and outcomes. For instance in the united states senate, most major legislations require over 60% votes before being nominated for a house debate. composition filibustering may be viewed as a democratic move in most senates, most peck believe that filibustering is negative and uncalled for in any proceeding. This is evident in both the US and Texas state senates, where parliamentarians gull created bills to stop filibustering. Filibustering has also attracted positive criticism in both the US and Texas state senate. For instance filibustering has been used to shun contentious bills from being passed without prior part icipation of all senate members. For instance, the abortion bill that threatened to treat abortion and instruct the closure of all abortion clinics has been delayed due to the existence of filibustering in the Texas. Thus, in both the US ant Texas state senate, filibustering has positive and negative criticism. Senate Rule XXII, the US state senate allows real senators to prolong a bill or a quarrel for as long as they can. The fair play recognizes the necessity to prolong certain bills. This is usually true in both the US and Texas senate. In the US senate, prolong a house debate was an open practice until the house of representative passed a imperishable rule in 1842 to limit the aloofness of debates. Similar measures have been taken in the Texas state senate to stick house debates. There are many uncertainties in filibustering bills as administered in both senates. The main(prenominal) make love attached to filibustering, is the determination of the length of a debate. A ccording to critics, it is impossible to determine or out rule, the length of a bill based on the filibustering policy. For instance, it is impossible to define how long a long speech is. Lack of a clear-cut definition on the length of a debate has been applied by critics to shoot down filibustering bills. Lack of clear-cut policies on filibustering is evident in both the US and Texas state senate. The passage of filibustering legislations has not been welcomed by most senators who use lengthy discussions or debates to prevent or influence the passage of bills. The issue of filibustering is greensly associated with US politics. In both the Texas and US senates, republicans are believed to be the main filibusters. The policy-making association is historic and it has minimal implication on bill passage. However, senate proceedings are influenced by the US senate. More so, the bill of rights and other contentious issues are often ruled out depending on political affiliations. The rul es of both houses are clear on the issue of filibustering and neither of the houses identifies filibustering as a political issue. Indeed, both senates recognize filibustering as important in any proceedings. The cause of filibustering in both the US and Texas senate are similar and they are protected by the law. For instance the in the US senate, most common filibustering occur when a senator attempts to delay or obstruct a vote or a bill. On such

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

global Business - Essay Example1. Introduction The French food retailer Groupe Auchan S.A. (Auchan) is one of the worlds top retail and distri merelyion groups and the fourth largest food retailer in France with a market partake in of about 12 percent (Standard & Poors, 2011). It competes with European giants such as Carrefour and Casino. Auchan has a steadfast position in the hypermarket segment which contributes about 80% of the groups revenues. In addition to desirous competition, rising inflation has been holding back consumer spending in Western European markets. Auchan has expanded into several(prenominal) Asian countries and also in Central and Eastern Europe. India has a immense retail market but it has FDI restrictions and does not permit foreign companies into multi-brand retail. Auchan has been attempting to enter into India through a franchise agreement with Dubai-based turning point Group. The confines Group, founded in Bahrain with a single shop, has invoken into one of the largest retail organizations (Landmark Group, 2012). Currently, the Landmark Group operates the SPAR hypermarkets and supermarkets in India but their agreement with SPAR is set to come to an end. Auchan Groupe intends to enter into a franchise agreement with the Landmark Group until India amends its FDI polity. As of now India does not permit FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in multi-brand retailing. 2. Rationale for choosing India India offers huge potential for the retail vault of heaven as the disposable income of the middle-class has been growing. FDI in different sectors has been increasing in India and the Indian currency (Rupee) has become strong in the international market. However, PEST analysis would help in evaluating if Auchans decision to enter India is a viable proposition. Political The political situation in India is wobbly as it has a coalition government since no single party has clear majority. The industrial sector also faces opposition and the grow th in agriculture has been slow. However, the role of the central government as the go-between of the state governments is now ending (Mohan, 2006). This indicates that states now have autonomy while the growing middle-class favours liberalization. The commerce conglomerates in India have turned their attention to retailing (Deloitte, 2008). The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, is the nodal agency for monitoring and reviewing the FDI policy in India on continued basis (Tyagi, 2010). Economic The Indian miserliness has undergone tremendous change. The Indian economy has recorded high growth rates and is an attractive destination for investments (IBEF, 2011). The Indian economy is evaluate to grow at 7.5% and is expected to contribute to the recovery of the world economy. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 8.5% during 2010-11 against 8% in 2009-2010. Over the adjoining two years India is expected to attract FDI worth USD 80 billion harmonize to a research report by Morgan Stanley as cited by IBEF. Indias retail sector is expected to grow to $635bn by 2015 (Sengupta, 2008). At the same time, food retail is expected to grow to $1.6bn over the next five-year period (Srivastava, 2008). Social The modern cities such as Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore show evidence of modernization and adaptation to westward standards under the influence of globalization (Pick & Dayaram, 2006). Growth and development in communications technology, development of transport infrastructure, far-flung availability of western

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Financial steering - Essay ExampleAdditionally, share of both companies Aguia and Pomba if deald in a perfect market, investors get signifi buttt choices to gather in preferred investment plans. Moreover, the capital structure of Aguia, which compose of both equity and debts and Pomba of all equity finance, will signifi gougetly affect the decisions of the investor prior to investing the share of any of these two companies. In the general context, investment company investors takes there investment priority based on the strong fundamental aspects and strong proportionality sheet of the company. Moreover, the strength of the balance sheet will be evaluated not only based on the working capital adequacy or the positioning of asset but also the capital structure. corking structure also plays a fundamental role. Additionally, the capital structure of the company will endure signboard to the investors regarding the valuation of the company in the marketplace. For instance, company readily makes the decision to exchange part of debt in approve of the equity. This will likely increase the value of the firm and reduce the possibility of risk, as it will provide the signal in the market that the firm debt capacity have significantly increased. Furthermore, in the context it can be affirmed that the leveraged and unleveraged firm have different feature, characteristics, advantage, and disadvantages. For instance, having capital structure with debts involves obligations to payback interest. On the other hand, equity involves high cost and return to satisfy the shareholders. Moreover, in the case of perfect market investors will be in a position to analyze the market and the share prices with the available information. This can be done with the assistance of various technical analytical tools to identify the risk and return trade off in taking investment decision (Masulis, 1980).Correspondingly, if share of Aguia and Pomba is

Many of Steinbecks characters are crippled mentally or physically Essay Example for Free

Many of Steinbecks characters ar gritty ment in ally or physically EssayMany of Steinbecks characters atomic number 18 crippled mentally or physically. How far do you agree with this and how far are they made victims of society of the time?Lennie is probably the more or less obvious character of the book that is mentally crippled. He has brooder slopping shoulders and walks along heavily dragging his feet. underneath Lennie is a chela, he may look exchangeable and man but isnt. Like a child Lennie has a fascination of picayune cuddle, cute liaisons, especially rabbits. I like to pet things with my fingers, sof things. Lennie is too unskilful like a child and on the bed covering others see him as a slow worker. George is like a father to Lennie and he looks up to him, and also fully dependant on him. He habitude do anything till George says he can, he automatically turns to George in when in any danger, like a child dependant on his mother. glaze is the oldest of the c haracters and he is physically crippled, as he has lost his up pay hand as a young boy. He was genius of the best workers of the ranch and everyone respected him in his younger days. moreover he is slowly becoming useless, with only a job of sweeping and has fashion very lonely with only the companionship of a dog. But soon found friendship in George and Lennie. However this does non stop him from being a nosy character and finds interest in others gossip.Candy loves his dog to pieces, but like candy the dog is getting old and weak, That dog of Candys is so matinee idol damn old he cant hardly walk. Candy has had to dog for around of its life, and its the only thing that reminds him of the good days on the ranch.Crooks is the only black man on the ranch and he is crippled physically as he has a bent spine. Considering how hard it was for black men in those days, they were not given any respect at all and were bullied. The people at the ranch were racist towards him. But I cant play cards cause Im black and they say I stink. He is also lonely like Candy and is rejected from the people at the ranch, he has his own cabin and spends most of his time in there on his own.Crooks seems to be a bit sensitive underneath his hold face and takes it all to heart. He trusts no one but himself, because he isnt respected. Though at some times he has a slightly vicious streak, You got no right to come in my room, nought got any right in here but me. A lot of the people on the ranch take advantage of him because they know they can get away with it. Listen nigger you know what I can do if you dont shut your trap. I consider that Crooks knows that people take advantage of him, but he cant fight back.Curlys is the bosses son and he thinks he is a powerfully man. He has a uninterrupted eagerness to prove himself. One of his weaknesses is that he doesnt like taller people because they sham him feel insecure, threatened and small. profound down he is a lonely character and is insecure. Curly copies his Dad like Lennie copies George. By victorious on the future job of the ranch and has a future not like most of the workers, and wants to suit powerful like his Father.Curlys wife plays a small part, though a crucial one. She is the only one of Steinbecks characters that is nameless. In those times it was hard to be a woman and were looked upon as staying at home all day and cooking for the husbands on return. She is a flirt of the ranch, what with being the only woman and the men on the ranch refer to her as a tart. No one really wants to talk to her as they are worried what curly might do if he found out, and this makes her lonely and isolated. Well I think Curleys married a tart.Curlys wife wanted to make something of her life, so she is very disappointed that she hasnt, this can make her feel very viscous. Though still she has the power, like her husband to make people feel small and unimportant, thats why people chose to exclude her on the ra nch. She is young and niave and would believe anything she was told. He says he was gonna put me in the movies. Says I was a natural.I think that Steinbeck wrote his characters to be either mentally or physically crippled. He wrote this book to expose all of the racial and sexist prejudice. He succeeded in this by using the right characters and their every day life.

Training on Conflict resolution strategies in Team Dynamics Essay Example for Free

cooking on Conflict event strategies in Team Dynamics EssayThe necessity of this discipline Disagreements with how one sees life situations are just a hardly a(prenominal) of the reasons that contests happen so ordinarily. Just as strifes are also integral softens of day-after-day existence so does negotiating through them (Amason, 1996 Amason, Thompson, Hochwarter, Harrison, 1995).Studies reveal that there is no one size fits all when it comes to navigating the disagreements and atmospheric condition through storms where conflicts are concerned. However, there are principles that are observed when successful conflict management has taken place. Conflicts therefore must be confronted and understood at the individual level where a person experiences interior in the flesh(predicate) struggles at varying degrees. However, a short training tackles in detail a practically larger picture as it attempts to provide a succinct look at conflict resolution strategies in the a rea of group dynamics by examining, describing and pardoning various concepts as to the understanding of these significant concepts.Objectives for the training of communicationTo understand the nature of conflict as it arises in individual situations and in teams.Individual personal conflicts are inevitable occurrences that are usually taken for granted because of its ordinariness. Unless people undertakes a formal field of force on conflict management, he/she goes through life hitting and missing (at most) at ways of settle issues and inner conflicts and in all probabilities, somehow manages to escape conflicts. The following important features in team dynamics are specifically indicated and described because these are crucial points in underdeveloped effective management of conflicts and developing efficient team dynamics.To reap the Benefits of working teams in relationship to conflict resolution strategies Working teams in relationship to conflict resolution strategies prov ide benefits including personal and team growth as team members fetch insights with relationships and how these relationships are utilized to better reach worthwhile goals. In addition, working teams have optional choices sort of than solitary attempts at confronting conflicts, such as higher possibility arriving at the solutions of the problems, promoting cohesiveness among the team, and increasing the liaison or participation of members.To identify the different Types of Conflict Based on the study presented by Johnson (2005), few researches actually describe how to identify conflict. There are seven types of conflicts depending on who is in conflict with whom (Fisher et al, 1995 in Johnson, 2005). These are an individual with inner conflicts totally unrelated to the team tho whose best performance for the team is non achieved due to the personal problem, thus influencing the whole team two distinct members are in direct conflict with each other one against all members all ag ainst one member a lot of members against a lot of others as well one whole team as against another(prenominal) team all of the team as against one person not a part of the team.To explain ways of Managing, preparing or preventing Conflict Since conflict and disagreements are integral to the growth and performance of teams, it is therefore demand that individual members and as a group, go through an education process to understand the nuances of conflict. They necessitate the erudition to distinguish what healthy debates are, brainstorming and normal exchange of ideas which are important to team achieving corporate goals (Johnson, 2005). Studies by Tjosvold and colleagues (1999) show that when disagreements are brought into the open and talked about, conflicts are minimized and feelings of frustration, anger and doubts or suspicions are abated.Solutions to conflict Employing a conflict checklist can be an excellent ingredient as well in resolving and minimizing the incidence of co nflict.III. Identify Types of Instructional methods you will use and why The best method that will be utilize is the seminar-workshop type which showcases the sort of brief lecture/discussion type followed by a question and resoluteness portion. The workshop aspect will be the demonstration on activities that will enhance closeness of the relational and emotional aspect of the teams association and promote self-understanding and self-awareness as well. Team communication and conflict are best understood when games and activities are tied up or incorporated as part of the challenge that the group will undertake.Discuss how you would tie the training into performance. After the discussion of the lecture on conflict and strategies that are going to be developed by individuals and groups, it is expected that these are skills that are not learned overnight. However, there are expectations that the insights must be applied during the next few days or weeks. The kind of training that is illustrated here is expected to be clearly applicable and transferable wherever the participants maybe. Training for conflict resolution strategies in team dynamics will not be that easy but the determination must be there for the participants to see real results.ReferencesAmason, A. C. (1996). Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making Resolving a paradox for top management teams. academy of Management daybook, 39(1), 123-148.Amason, A. C., Thompson, K. R., Hochwarter, W. A., Harrison, A. W. (1995). Conflict An important dimension in successful management teams. Organizational Dynamics, 24(2), 20-35.Bens, I. (1997). Facilitating conflict. In M. Goldman (Ed.), Facilitating with move (pp. 83-108). Sarasota, FL Participative Dynamics.Davison, Sue Canney. 2003. Creating Working Normas and Agreements. Accessed May 25, 2008 www.genderdiversity.cgiar.org/CreatingWorkingAgreementsDavison3.doc Fisher, K., Rayner, S., Belgard, W. (19 95). Tips for teams A ready reference for solving common team problems. NY, NY McGraw-Hill, Inc.Jennsen, O., vanguard De Vliert, E., Veenstra, C. (1999). How task and person conflict shape the role of positive interdependence in management teams. Journal of Management, 25(2), 117-141.Johnson, Debbi-Wagner. 2005. Managing Work-Team Conflict Assessment and Preventatve Strategies. Center for Collaborative Organizations, University of North Texas. All rights reserved.Rayeski, E., Bryant, J. D. (1994). Team resolution process A guideline for teams to manage conflict, performance, and discipline. In M. Beyerlein M. BullockTjosvold, D., Morshima, M., Belsheim, J. A. (1999). Complaint handling on the shop floor co-op relationships and open-minded strategies. International Journal of Conflict Management, 10(1), 45-68.

News As a Show Essay Example for Free

News As a Show EssayThe mickle media pass water provoked an important change in the personal manner to inform. harmonise to Jose Alberto Garcia Aviles (2003) www.boletinbit.tv/noticias/archivo/bit44_infotainment.htm the mix of knowledge and restrainment is not a bare-ass phenomenon, it is known with the name of infotainment. The problem of this is that the majority of the news hurl become in a show.The main consequence of infotainment is that the information becomes in a business, where the citizens are the consumers. The Companies of audiovisual information observes the target. Its objective is get some(prenominal) more audience to obtain much more money and to have less competence.My hypothesis slightly the news as a show is foc procedured in catastrophes, possibilitys or personal tragedies inside TV, since these are the clearest lesson to know why nowadays the news are treat as a show.According to C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net the news about catastrophes, accidents or personal tragedies provokes an emotional alteration towards the great unwashed and the journalists.This kind of news wee-wees public interest by means of solidarity and pain or morbid curiosity. The plurality have the need to know what has happened be pillowcase they have a law of proximity feeling, of this way the Audiovisual Companies create a demand of information.The journalists and the Audiovisual Companies have the power of information. They have a big responsibility about this stem because they are who decide to present a straight report on the events of the day or to broadcast the news as a show.To obtain more audience, they broadcast morbid images aboutcatastrophes because they have much more restore in the persons. There are a connection between the morbid images and the proximity of peck.If they emit these images, they get much more audience, as soon as it is a strategy of foodstuff because it is a way to compete with the form er(a)s TV channels.My hypothesis studies the responsibility that the journalists and the audiovisual Companies have when they inform about tragic events.The problem is that while ones have right to inform and to be informed, others have right to overlay its involvement. The journalists and the Audiovisual Companies have to know the allowed limit to record a tragic event. They must minimize the do of disaster and they must have conscience about the sound reflection of its activity.REPERCUSSIONThe image is more impact than the voice. For this reason, the broadcasted news through TV affects much more to race. The journalists responsibility in TV is bigger than in others mass media because a shocking image is very difficult forget it. The problem is that these images provide be harmful to the victims, family, citizen, etc. If the broadcasted image is very morbid, provably it will have a seriously repercussion toward the family.Example a morbid image of a boy hurt seriously in a wa r. Is very different to know that this boy has died, than see him to die. The family must be informed but it doesnt deserve more pain.SOLUTIONSThe journalists and Audiovisual Companies must find the balance between right to inform and right to the intimacy when they emit information and images about catastrophes, accidents or personal tragedies.According to C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net the journalists have the obligation to inform to people about their right to the intimacy. Sometimes the people dont know it and the journalists make the roughly of them. Others times the Authorities, who should inform, dont do it, thusly the journalists look for victims and impact people to cover the news.Informing about this topic is not easy, for that reason the Audiovisual Companies should help and give to the journalists, moral support to guarantee good information.Another possible solution could be dont emit information constantly because it can increase the tra gic effects. As well, they should shun the repeated use of the same images and the information that doesnt contribute anything new.The journalists also should avoid the zooms, close-up, etc. because it implies much more to the people.The lexical employ in the news is very important. They shouldnt use adjectives, common clothes. of a dramatic manner because it can stir to the people.The broadcast of images reflecting hunger, pain, bitterness, poverty, etc. can provoke moral damages.Violent images do AND CONSEQUENCESThe most dominant mass media is the TV. The image is an important factor inside TV because a bad use of this can cause a lot of consequences. When the journalists inform about tragedies, many times broadcast very cutthroat images. According to Potter (1999), this can provoke immediate effects or long-term effectsIMMEDIATE EFFECTS1. DISINHIBITION it is a behavioural effect (Potter, 1999). This effect is related with justification of furiousness. Potter et al. (1999, p. 90) notes thatRetaliatory motives, such as revenge, appear to be the strongest in leading to disinhibition. The causal path may go from motives to justification to disinhibition. That is, when a motive legitimates the rage, that madness is regarded as justified, and loters are more likely to exhibit a disinhibition effect. champion of the most important features of the news is the objectivity. Its not the same to explain news from the point of view of gild than from the perpetrator.The National Television Study, (in Potter, 1999) say that Much of the violence is justified. It is because sometimes the violent news is broadcasted from the point of view of the perpetrator. Potter and Ware, 1987 (in Potter, 1999) affirm that The amount of justification changes depending on the perspective from which it is judged. Potter and Ware (1987) found that 93% of violent instances were justified from the perspective of the perpetrator, not by society. Therefore, the point of view can determin e the sentiment of people. When the tragedies are justified, provoke to people a feeling of disinhibition because they can get to understand the perpetrator attitude.2. panic it is an emotional effect (Potter, 1999). The violent images can alter the life behaviour of people because this can create fear. The fear can cause a mental disorder and it can have serious consequences. The people live scared, thinking that they could be the next victims.3. DESENSITIZATION every day appears much more violence in the news. As a consequence, people get into the habit to see violent images. This habit provokes a lack of sensibility. People lose sensibility towards violent images.LONG-TERM EFFECTS1. AGGRESSIVENESS it is a behavioural effect (Potter, 1999).Potter et al. (1999, p.42) notes that Exposure to violent portrayals in the media increases subsequent viewer aggression. The violence, doesnt affect of the same way to all people. It depends on the persons, family, background social, etc. The re are people who are more afflictive towards violence and they can imitate it. The TV is a powerful mass media and it not only entertain also teaches us. The violent images of the TV can transmit aggressiveness to the people even people can learn to behave aggressively (Potter, 1999).THE PRIMARY EFFECTS*According to Liebert an Schwartzberg, 1977 (in Potter, 1999) the direct imitation and disinhibition are uncreated effects.*According to The National Television Violence Study, 1997-1998 (in Potter, 1999) learning, desentization and fear also are primary effects.Violent images point IN ENGLAND AND OTHER COUNTRIESMany studies show that in the whole world there is a mellow index of violence in the television, and it is exposed of an antisocial manner (Potter, 1999).Potter et al. (1999, p.56) notes that The united States leads the world in the prevalence of violence on television. Violence is less prevalent on TV in countries other than the United States.William, 1982 (in Potter, 19 99) found 18.5 acts of aggression per hour in North American Television. Furthermore the aggressive scenes were extended (Potter, 1999).Great Britain has a lot of violence in the news. According to Broadcasting Standards Council, 1993 (in Potter, 1999) The highest rate was found on national news (7,5 scenes per hour).According to Kapoor, 1994 (in Potter, 1999) Korea has very fewviolence compare to other countries since in everyday it has less than 8%.By other hand, according to Mustonen and Pulkkinen, 1993 (in Potter, 1999) Finland has the rate highest of violence in cartoons. It is because the majority of trade programs come of North America (Potter, 1999). Mustonen and Pulkkinen, 1993 (in Potter, 1999) say that They attributed much of the aggression to importation from other countriesAccording to Goonasekera Lock, 1990 (in Potter, 1999) in Asia, although there is less violence in the TV, it is much more blood and gloried. In Japan, the rate of violence is very similar to the A merican ones (Potter, 1999). Iwao, de Sola Pool, Hagiwara, 1981b (in Potter, 1982) think that In Japan, 2.3 min/hr were violent, compared with 2.4 in the United States. In this country there are much more verbal violence than physical violence. Normally, the physical scenes of violence show persons suffering. Japan, has the highest rate of violence in cartoons 14.3 scenes per hour (Potter, 1999).According to C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net , in a Barcelona (Spain) local TV called BTV, the dominant topic inside news are the aggressions. This graph above shows the time for each new shown on TV.Violent imagesOPINIONSAccording to Lorry, 1997 (in Potter, 1999) a recent poll about the violence on TV shows that 70% of public opinion thinks that occasionally the violence on TV provokes people an aggressive behaviour.A U.S. News World Report (in Potter, 1999) poll found that 92% of Americans think that the television contributes to violence in U.S.Bybee, Robins on, Turow, 1982 (in Potter, 1999) notes that According to a poll of 500 college-level teachers and communication scholars, 66% believed that exposure to television increases aggressive behaviour. mop upAccording to CAC (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net, the professionals of the information have not a lot of references, which force them to adopt a tyro attitude of their activity. Therefore the journalists responsibility is larger because they are who decide to broadcast the news as a show.The 11th and 12th of December, 2000 I went to a conference about informative treatment of personal tragedies that took place inside C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya). In this conference, many important people talked about the journalists responsibility, right to inform, right to intimacy, repercussion, effects, consequences, etc. During ii days they talked about a personal tragedy 28 children died as a consequence of an accident between a truck and a bus in Soria (Spai n).The 30th of March 2002 two trains break apart face to face in Torredembarra (Spain). When that news was reported, every channel offered different information about the catastrophe. For example while ones reported that there were 3 exanimate and 60 injured, others stated that there werent any wild and the injured were just 51. The journalists must assume the difficulty of their work. They have so much responsibility that they move commit this kind of mistakes because the consequences can be huge.According to the law, the intimacy is a right. Although the journalists and the Audiovisual Companies know it, most of them dont respect it. The main problem is that although the affected people sue them, the problem doesnt disappear.The Audiovisual Companies think if the affected people sue us, we would lose 70 millions. Ok We will get 90 millions if we broadcast the violent images, therefore its better for usThen my question is what should a mother do if she sees how journalists reco rd her dead son and she knows that although she can sue them, they will continue getting money thanks to it?BIBLIOGRAFYWEBS RESOURCESwww.audiovisualcat.net/http//www.boletinbit.tv/noticias/archivo/bit44_infotainment.htmBOOKSPotter, W. J. (1999) On Media Violence. United States Sage Publications, Inc.JUDITH NAVARROJ0274939BROADCAST JOURNALISMPHILIP CROOKES9TH OF DECEMBER

In Miltons paradise lost, god Essay Example for Free

In Miltons paradise lost, god EssayIn Miltons paradise Lost, matinee idol is portrayed as having limited influence and contact with our world. This is perhaps a result of his valuate for openhanded cart track/conscience. This lack of contact is supported by one paragons inactiveness, there are s everal placeuations in the book in which divinity seems like he should be able to influence events but he simply doesnt act. When he does act, he acts indirectly. God seems to execute his plans through either his angels or his son. Finally, perhaps the scoop out indication of Gods limited connections is in the courtships where God uses complicated, elaborate plans to do things that if he really had 100% place he would perform simply and immaculately. In the book Paradise Lost, God plays a relatively passive role considering that he is by far the most significant character in this book. He seems to sit up on his heavenly throne and observes rather than interact with his creat ions. A good case of this is in support three lines 80-90, when God watches Satan ascending from hell.It would seem that when he was alerted by Uriel, the archangel would brook been a good time to intervene and smite big bucks Satan. It almost seems like Miltons God wants the events of Paradise Lost to transpire because he yields so many times at so many opportunities to level Satan. Satan should pick up been stopped at the very beginning. God must have foreseen this incident (the air divisionaking of the interdict fruit,) after all, does he not have sight of the future, past and pre move? (Book Three lines 75-80) Sadly, no-one will ever know what God was planning when he allowed Satan to run rampant in the garden.Or consequently again, maybe God wasnt planning anything at all but rather leaving events to unfold without foretell intervention, thus his seeming respect for unaffectionate will. The only problem with that theory though, is that God punished rapture and eve f or making a decision with the turn will that he gave them. Two other instances prevail cases against Gods absolute power. Why was hell so easily escaped by Satan? One would stand for that a Purgatory created by God himself would be impenetrable. Even stranger is the case with the Angelic War.Although for the most part symbolic, God either was not capable or at least unwilling to strike down Satans attempted conquest before it began. preferably, God chose once again to remain passive and allow things to go along for awhile. A good question to ask at this point is just what are Gods intentions? If he truly wanted a perfect heaven with conformist angels, what is stopping him from taking their free will? That leads to the point that possibly the reason why Gods influence is limited is his own conscience, based on his respect of free will.When God does act in the story, it is almost exclusively indirectly through his Son, (as in Book Nine,) or through his Archangels. The most well-kn own case where God acts through his Son is when God sent him down to be sacrificed upon the cross. Although this specific event does not occur within this story, the reasoning behind it is at length discussed especially in Book Three. This however, only supports the thesis if one believes that Jesus is the son of God rather than the Christian view that God IS Jesus.(John, 858) Based on how Milton writes, it shows that he is using the interpretation of the leger in which Jesus was created by God. Jesus plays a sympathetic role when it comes to mankind and often influences Gods decisions on what to do about Adam and Eve. He persuades God to allow him to go down to heaven to avouch Adam about his state of sin. In this case, Jesus actually influences God rather than the usual case with God giving orders and Jesus acting carrying them out. God also acts a lot through his gathering of angels. The archangels are his main instruments of manipulation.Of the seven archangels, Raphael, Mic hael, and Gabriel are the three most influential. God acts through Raphael most often. Raphael plays a large role in starting in Book Five lines 246-249 So spake thEtetnal Father, and fulfilld All nicety nor delayd the winged Saint (Raphael)after his charge receivd. Raphael then proceeds down to the Garden to warn Adam and Eve of the impending danger posed by Satan. Raphael also spends Book Six and Book Seven informing Adam of the war in heaven and then telling him the nature of his own creation.Michael and Gabriel have around smaller roles than Raphael does but they do get a chance to enact Gods will when he orders them to lead the faithful Angels in the war against Satan. The final case to prove Gods limited interactions and influence is when God seems to have to work around rules that he must have created himself. A good example of this is when he prepares for the redemption of man. It simply doesnt make sense that if God desires to redeem his creations that he simply doesnt grant them redemption from their sins.Instead he schemes up the elaborate plan to send his son down to receive punishment in place of man. Once again, this could be explained by God having to act within the parameters of what his conscience will allow, (regarding free will). by chance God has to do these elaborate things so that he can justify to himself the redemption of man. Maybe he thinks that it is only right that somebody receives punishment. Cases similar in nature occur when God didnt mention Satan from entering the Garden of Eden and when he had to send the great flood.If not for his respect for free will, God wouldnt have had to allow mankind to sink so low. In Paradise Lost, Milton presents a God that is strangely limited in his actions and influence with his own creations. Whether through passiveness, indirectness, or a conscious distancing of himself God seems to allow many things to happen without direct intervention. However, this is not really a novel concept pac k throughout history have questioned the concept of an all-powerful God in a very progressive tense world.

Teaching children Essay Example for Free

Teaching children EssayWhile it is necessary to monitor the programs that children be exhibit on television, it is also cardinal to understand that children do not have the concept of what is really and null at an early age. Teaching children to become media skeptics is expecting them to think and rationalize the likes of adults. In the essay, Remote run How to Raise a Media Skeptic, Susan Douglas narrates how she tells her teenage daughter to become a more discriminating television viewer.The informant is not against children watching television as evident in her statement, I am not wholeness of those virtuous, haloed p arnts who has banished the box from the home. She points out that growing up with TV provides her daughter with a form of cultural literacy that is important for the childs growing years. She only wants her daughter to understand about what is on television and wherefore it is there. It is an act of showing the child that whatever she check offs on com mercials is not what it is in reality. She believes that public lecture to children about what they see on television and what is unreal is important in raising them to become media skeptic.It is similar to giving them the skills and the tools to tell apart that not everything is true on television because advertisements are there to attract us to buy products that are not as good as they are presented on TV. By nature, children are attracted to toys that are colorful, with contemptible parts and attractive sounds and media knows how to attract the very young consumers. Children prefer anything that stimulates their senses. They do not have the capability to understand about safety, durability, and cost. They are just kids who want to play with their toys.When they are in the toy section, they give pick toys that are seen on cartoons shows or TV commercials. When I was a child, I never had parents like Susan Douglas. My parents never pointed out what is good on television or wh at is real and unreal with what we see on the commercials. As we grow up, we have our own ability to know whether we are being fooled by the advertisements or whether they are telling us the truth. I believe that as long as we are studying, talking with people and we are exposed to all forms of media, the knowledge of determining what is real and not real leave behind come naturally even without the intervention of the adults.Being a media critic, the writer Susan Douglas is sensitive to whatever she views on television. There is also a strong tendency for her to push her opinions on others and influence them on what she believes is real and what is not real. She monitors her daughter well and fears the effect of media on her child. Although there are positive and negative cause of television on the young viewers, I also believe that we should keep tract on what the children are viewing. However, I do not take hold that children should be trained to become media skeptics at a you ng age.Adults should allow their children to be children. Pointing out everything that is right or wrong on television leave put on the imaginary minds of the children. It will also spoil the fun of making children enjoy the toys that are in the market. We should not hasten the growth of the child and make them think like adults. I do not agree with the statement that one of the best words to use when youre watching TV with your kids is stupid. Adults do not have the same imagination as children.What is stupid for adults may be fun for the kids. In time, children will know that ladies do not have perfect figures like the Barbie dolls and that both males and females do household chores and variegate babies diapers. Susan Douglas method may be effective because children trust the opinions of their parents and regard them as an authority figure. However, since most of us were not taught by our parents to be media skeptics, I believe that her techniques will not be fully pleasant t o all parents.

Introduction to Astronomy Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Astronomy EssayThe spirit cycle of a hero is a process that is not only beautiful but, fascinating to those flushed ones who waste the chance to study the subject. To the uneducated soul, gazing upon the night sky wondering what is bulge thither is not a common thing. provided being able to learn active what is really out there and how it became, that my friends, is truly an amazing task. One has to wonder just how we k nowadays what type of star we are expression at or at what point in the stars life sentence cycle the star dwells. Since the dawn of man, we have studied the stars, and until the last century, astronomers have found ways to measure four properties of stars their luminosities, temperatures, radii, and masses. With this knowledge, they now have classified thousands of stars by plotting these stars on diagrams and charts characterized by any pair of these specific properties. A sense impression is Born Stellar Nursery Nebula The proverbial birth of a star leaves deep down a wide cloud of gas and dust kn deliver as a nebula. A nebula is approximately 21 light-years in width.When the gases and elements of the nebula start to contract due to the pull of its own gravity, it give create a protostar, which understructure startingly receive to roughly 60 million miles across. This is where the star begins to take shape. In order for a star to grow, it will need nuclear fusion to take place, and that requires tremendous amounts of haul and heat. Main Sequence school principals The enormous pressure that is created compresses together elements to form more(prenominal) elements and to create energy. With hydrogen being the least dense and easiest to fuse, stars begin fusing hydrogen first.The side effect of this fusing of nuclei, or nuclear fusion, is the production of two positrons, two neutrinos, and the release of energy. Stars that are in the hydrogen burning process are known to be in the main sequence. Stars wil l return the majority of their lifespan in the main sequence. Using the standardized classification system, astronomers find that about 90% of all stars cluster in thin bands on each the noted diagrams. Red Giant at long last in the stars life, the hydrogen supply in the core will begin to expire, when this happens, the sunninesss core becomes unstable and will begin to contract.Consequently, the outer shell of the star, which consists mainly of hydrogen, will start to expand. During the expansion, it cools and will begin to glow red. The star now resides a red giant phase of its life cycle (Cain, 2009). Practically all stars will evolve identically up to the red giant phase, that depending on the amount of mass a star, the next phase in the life cycle can be greatly different. Supergiants One possible evolution of extremely massive stars, although rare, is to become a supergiant. But what is a supergiant?When the radiation released by the fusion of helium into carbon it causes the red giant to expand unconstipated larger, perhaps into a star roughly 400 times the Suns size. The End of old age Death of a Star White Dwarf A blank dwarf, or a terminal of a star that has collapsed, are the destiny of stars like our sun. This phase in the life cycle is win when the nuclear fuel supply is exhausted. Typically, a white dwarf can have the mass of about six-tenths the mass of our sun, but obtains size considerably smaller than that of the Earth.A white dwarf is formed when the handle of a red giant is ejected as the core burns the last bits and pieces of its nuclear fuel. A white dwarf slowly fades into oblivion as it cools down. Supernova Possibly, exceedingly massive stars can continue to fuse weighed down elements in order to produce more energy. Nevertheless, once iron is formed, it cannot be fused to make more energy. This is because iron has such a high binding energy and is thus very stable. Due to the big gravity, the core will collapse and huge am ounts of gas on the surface will blast out into space.This phase in the stars life cycle has now become a supernova. Neutron Star Following a supernova explosion, the iron core of the star may be enormously massive, and may have an immense force of gravity. It has now become a neutron star, where the negative force, or pushing effect, between neutrons kale the contraction caused by gravity. Pulsar It is possible for a neutron star to spin rapidly following a supernova explosion. A result of this spinning, the neutron star may send out two beams of radio waves, light, and X-rays.These beams radiate in a circle as the star is spinning, and thus appears that the light from the star is pulsing intermittently. This is why it is called a Pulsar. Blackhole provided some extremely massive supergiants, many with a mass more than four times that of our own Sun, may continue contracting until their nuclei are compacted into even more dense matter. The compacting matter forms a tree trunk so dense that it forms a black hole. A black hole is an extremely massive and dense, spectral body with a gravitational pull powerful enough to prevent the escape of light (Newman, 2002). life sentence as We Know It Astronomers believe Earth and all its living organisms are composed of elements formed in the interiors of stars, especially supergiants that exploded as supernovas. As astronomers across the globe scour planetary systems, both within and beyond our galaxy, in the quest to find life, they are centering their attention on each systems livable zone. The habitable zone is where heat radiated from the star is just right to keep a planets water in liquid form (Williams Pollard, 2000), the sweet spot of the solar system.

Export Trade of Bangladesh with Saarc Countries Essay Example for Free

Export Trade of Bangladesh with Saarc Countries EssayIntroductionThe form _or_ system of government of tack liberalization and free- market economy in the 1980s has created both ch all(prenominal)enges and opportunities for Bangladesh economy. The creation of the World Trade Organization has created sunrise(prenominal) ways of enjoying the comparative advantage for Bangladesh. At the same time, the globalize switch scenario has opened up the geomorphologic limitations of Bangladesh economy, which pauperisms immediate attention through with(predicate) the formulation of appropriate policy and actions. Bangladesh slip aways to suffer from a low- exploitation, high-poverty syndrome. However, Bangladesh has a exposestanding labor force departing to work for low wages allowing in a truly competitive position for labor-intensive manufacturing exports. It has a large occur of entrepreneurial businessmen who ar fitted to develop and run small and medium scale enterprises .It has a sufficient amount of natural splatter reserves which can potentially provide low-cost energy for a downstream industrial structure. With genial and mutually beneficial localityal cooperation, Bangladesh can be an ideal location for great foreign top investments, which can serve as a huge market for goods and services in the due south Asia. The growth potential of Bangladesh is, however, limited by a high population density and limited availability of land, which results in a continuing pressure on food supply. The low-income level makes it difficult for households to save, thus constraining the home(prenominal) development efforts. The education and health levels are low, resulting in a labor force lacking the skills needed for a modern economy. In addition, the traditions of central control of the economy and the awkwardness of government policy continue to work as a deterrent a constructst private juntoor investment.Within this global and regional commerce sce nario, this paper attempts to provide a synopsis of Bangladesh stack with the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and of its policies regarding two-sided and global flip-flop. The car park structure of the economies and the same intensive price competitiveness could hunt down to a salient(ip) deal of formal deal out amongst Bangladesh and the SAARC countries, scarce this potential is yet to be realized. Bangladesh suffers from a huge switch deficit with India. This paper bequeath lay special emphasis on the business dealing with India and the proposed South Asian Growth Quadrangle consisting of seven north-eastern states of India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. This paper will alike examine the stupor of GDP and of the exchange rate and its variability on the export and effect growth of Bangladesh.This conduct will also examine the consider policies of Bangladesh with special reference to both nominal and effective tariff levels, and non-tariff barriers that forget the growth of Bangladesh global pot with its neighboring countries. Intra-SAARC disdain is very negligible. This study will estimate a gravitational force warning of international divvy up to examine whether intra-SAARC trade is lower or higher than what is predicated by the sparing set. The results of this model will help us on a lower floorstand the possibilities of trade creation and frolic do resulting from the South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangements (SAPTA) among SAARC member countries.Gravity models of international trade estimate the trade flow as a function of variables that directly or indirectly affect the determinants of normal trade flow. The typical gravity model specification relates symmetric trade to income, population (or per capita income) and distance between the art partners. If one finds a positive coefficient on the dummy variable indicating that two countries, both of which participate in the same preferential arrangement, trade to a greater extent with one another than predicted by their incomes and distance, then the conclusion pinched is that the arrangement is trade-creating for its members. This paper will review the tariff concessions agreed upon by the SAARC member countries.Literature meditateAs it would wait, a significant part of the literary works on the state of isobilateral and regional sparing and trade cooperation in South Asia deals with factors contributing to weak state of integration in the region. consort to Sawhney and Kumar (2008), the be reasons originate from a combination of political, economic and institutional factors. A large segment of relevant literature deals with identifying opportunities that could emerge from closer cooperation among countries in the region.Three strands of discourse are commonly discernible in this scene firstly, identification of challenges and opportunities of cooperation through regional and bilateral trade and other agree ments with participation of SAARC member countries secondly, quantitative assessments of economic gains, welfare dismissales which could potentially originate from such cooperation and thirdly, evidence ground assessments of trade potentialities at sect oral levels. Along with analysis at the regional level, some part of the literature has explored the relevant bring outs at the bilateral level. A number of studies pay back attempted to assess whether a bilateral route is more than preferable to a regional one in advancing the level of trade and economic cooperation in the context of South Asia.In recent times, increasing attention is being given to the state of bilateral economic cooperation between Bangladesh and India. One nagging limitation in this connection has been the lack of adequate information on informal trade which has tended to constrain the scope of analysis pertaining to bilateral and regional trade in South Asia.9 Only a few studies extradite attempted to capt ure this important aspect of trade in the region (Bakht 1996 World intrust 2006). In a feasibility study on the prospects of bilateral FTA between Bangladesh and India, Bhuyan and Ray (2006) bring to an end that such agreement between the two countries would bring about solid benefits to both partners. In contrast to the multilateral arrangements, bilateral FTAs could be fasttracked and would allow for additional preferential treatment to the partner countries. ground on a review of bilateral FTAs, they conclude that this mode of trading arrangement has shown a better record of success in expanding trade between countries, and stimulates investment compared to regional or subregional integration schemes. De and Bhattacharyay (2007) argue that a bilateral FTA with India would enable Bangladesh to strengthen her foothold in the Indian market.In view of the NTBs that severely limit the opportunities of bilateral trade between these countries, the study suggests that an FTA with In dia would be the best way to address the issue of NTBs. Some of the other studies suck in put more emphasis on the regional route. Among those, Sawhney and Kumar (2008) hold that implementation of the regional free trade agreement (e.g. SAFTA) would result in positive outcomesfor all member countries. The authors also conclude that regional cooperation through FTAs such as SAFTA could lead to higher volume of trade in goods and services through allocative faculty and enhanced production capacity.Rahman (2001) identifies a number of issues which would need urgent attention if Bangladesh-India bilateral economic coitus is to gain momentum including multilateralism versus bilateralism, sectoral versus comprehensive appeal, dutyfree market access, rules of origin (RoO), removal of NTBs and the need for policy coordination to stimulate investment. A number of studies build argued in favour of taking a holistic approach embracing cooperation in areas of trade, investment, transport a nd infrastructure in score to realise the potential opportunities of bilateral economic cooperation involving SAARC member countries (CPD 2004).However, in articulating a contrasting view, Baysan et al. (2006) argue that the SAFTA makes sense only in the context of a much broader strategy of creating a larger preferential trade area in the region that would need to encompass China and also members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Assuming that the SAFTA agreement was thither to stay, the authors commend a number of steps towards promotion of intraregional trade in a manner that minimizes apparent trade diversion cost and maximizes potential benefits. In this context, some studies form highlighted the positive impact in terms of growth and poverty reduction through regional cooperation by citing other RTAs such as South East Asian and European regional entries (Sawhney and Kumar 2008).In recent times, a number of studies have tried to quantify the potential benefits arising from cooperation among SAARC countries, both at regional and bilateral levels. A number of studies have tried to estimate the degree of market access under the preferential treatment. Mukherji (2000) estimates that the annual value of all imports that entered the SAARC member countries under SAPTA preferences amounted to approximately USD 480 million at the end of the 1990s.According to his estimates, the theatrical role of intra-regional imports covered by the SAPTA preferences was the highest for Pakistan (39.6 per cent), followed by Nepal (35.2 per cent), India (30 per cent), Bhutan (17 per cent) and Sri Lanka (12 per cent). In contrast the import value coverage of Bangladesh and Maldives was relatively low. Based on import data for FY1997-98, highest revenue loss was sustained by India (USD 2.45 million), w here(predicate)as that of Bangladesh was relatively modest (USD 0.02 million)In a more recent study undertaken to evaluate the performance of SAPTA that als o explored the prospects of the then proposed SAFTA, Hirantha (2004) applied the closely- known gravity model to estimate potential benefits of an FTA in South Asia.11 The study finds that there will be substantial trade creation in the region under SAPTA with no significant trade diversion impact. The estimated results for 2002 showed that bilateral trade between any two pairs of SAARC member countries would be about 10.5 times higher under the SAPTA compared to two otherwise similar countries in absence of an RTA.Moreover, according to estimated coefficients, not only would intraregional trade be enhanced, but this would also lead to annexd bilateral trade with nonmembers. This result contradicted earlier study of (Hassan 2001) which indicated that lower of trade among SAARC countries would not result in substantial benefits and would lead result in reduced trade with nonmembers.12 Rahman et al. (2006) supported the earlier findings of Hirantha (2004) and argued that there woul d be significant intra-bloc export creation as a result of SAPTA though there would be net export diversion.13 However, results of this study showed that Bangladesh, India and Pakistan were expected to gain by connection the RTA, while Nepal, Maldives and Sri Lanka would be negatively affected.Given the fact of Bangladeshs export opportunities in India, a number of studies have tried to identify potential market opportunities for Bangladeshi sectors/products particularly in the Indian market. Based on analysis of secondary data and stakeholders perception, Bhuyan and Ray (2006) identify a set of potential marketable products from Bangladesh that could enjoy export potential in the Indian market. These were fish products (including shrimp), leather goods, cement, light engineering items, jute products, pharmaceutical products, ceramic products and processed agroproducts.The authors recommended that an FTA with India would enable Bangladeshi producers and exporters to have access to the much needed raw materials and semi-finished products at competitive price. In yet another study, applying a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework, Siriwardana and Yang (2007) estimate that a number of Bangladeshi items, including beverages and tobacco, fabricated metal products, textile and leather, petroleum and other minerals, food manufactures, and vegetables and fruits sector, will gain substantially in the Indian market both in the shortrun as well as longrun, if import duties are abolished by India.In a recent study, the World Bank (2006), however, finds that the prospect for trade between Bangladesh and India, through a bilateral FTA, to be rather limited. Analysis undertaken for a number of items including cement, light bulbs, bicycle rickshaw tyres and sugar indicate that if a bilateral FTA is signed with India it will be India which would be able to expand her exports to Bangladesh Bangladeshs export potential in the Indian market is rather limited. The study points out the reasons being (a) faster productivity growth in India bolstering Indias comparative advantage in competing goods, and/or (b) tariff and NTBs constraining Bangladeshs major exports (RMG) as well as minor exports which have experienced rapid growth in other markets.The study argues that in a situation where an Indian supplier gets advantage of captive protected market under the bilateral FTA with Bangladesh, there was likelihood of collusion amongst Indian producers or between them and Bangladeshi importers which would reduce some of the welfare gains. According to this study, Bangladeshs interests would be better served through multilateral liberalization. In similar vein, Bandara and Yu (2003) also conclude that SAFTA would lead to a marginal 0.21 per cent gain in real income for India, 0.03 per cent gain for Sri Lanka, 0.10 per cent loss for Bangladesh, while the rest of South Asia would gain 0.08 per cent in terms of real income.More recently, Raihan (2008) apply the WITS/SMART model and carried out simulation exercise in view of various scenarios under the SAFTA accord (removal of intraregional tariff for all countries). The study makes an attempt to quantify export potentials of Bangladesh in the Indian market. The modeling exercise identifies export items of Bangladesh at disaggregated HS 6 digit level which were in all likelihood to expand in the Indian market under the SAFTA. The study finds that under the SAFTA Bangladeshs exports to Indian market would rise by only about USD 78 million. Top 30 products (at the 6 digit HS code), together, account for 83 per cent of the ontogeny in Bangladeshs export earnings (USD 64.9 million).A review of literature indicates that the majority of studies have tended to focus on tariff barriers and the impact of removal of duties on regional and bilateral trade. However, the presence of large number of NTBs was also recognised as a major constraint in these and other studies. Rahman (2010) identifies salient features of the NTBs prevailing in South Asian trade, and examined crosscountry experiences in addressing the NTBs. The study also enter how the NTBs are being addressed within the SAFTA architecture. Particularly, an indepth look at NTBrelated issues has have even more necessary in view of the recent debates, and the modalities that are being put in place to address those. An important recent study by Razzaque (2010), which combines qualitative analysis with three antithetic types of quantitative analyses (gravity model, CGE model and GTAP) argues that the weaker economies in the SAARC region are expected to lose significantly from the SAFTA agreement, at least in its current form.The study shows that the losses for the weaker economies, particularly for Bangladesh and Nepal, arise from increased imports from regional partners, nominal increase in exports within the region and loss of tariff revenue. Results of estimation carried out in this study based on WITS/SMART sim ulation, are similar to that of Bandra and Yu (2003), and shows that SAFTA will lead to an increase in Bangladesh imports from the region of about USD 400 million compared to rise in regional exports of only about USD 33 million. Results of the study also show that only India stands to experience regional export gains that would be higher than imports from regional sources.The gravity simulation results suggest that SAFTA would influence regional trade flows mainly by increasing Indias exports, and Bangladesh and Nepals imports. For every USD 100 worth of new export trade almost USD 78 would accrue to India, whereas share of Bangladesh, Maldives and Bhutan would be insignificant. The authors recommend that LDC members of the SAFTA should continue with their several(prenominal) policy reforms, and will need to address supply-side bottlenecks in order to benefit from the increasingly larger regional market.In another study, Raihan and Razzaque (2007) ran two different simulations usi ng the GTAP model and database. In the first scenario, the authors depict a case in which all member countries eliminate their intra-regional tariffs but retain their respective tariffs with the rest of the world intact. In the second scenario, in addition to SAFTA tariff cuts, the authors permit Bangladesh slash its tariffs against the rest of the world by 50 per cent. Comparisons of the various scenarios give an opportunity to examine trade diversion effects when determining the overall welfare effects for Bangladesh. The results show that full tariff relaxation under SAFTA alone would lead to a net welfare loss of USD 184 million for Bangladesh India, Sri Lanka, and the rest of South Asia in this scenario register welfare gains, as trade creation effects dominate trade diversion effects.However, when Bangladesh undertakes MFN (most favoured nation) tariff cuts by 50 per cent along with the full tariff relaxation behavior for SAFTA members, it stands to gain by USD 84.1 million . In the latter exercise, the positive welfare gains of other countries were maintained. ADB and UNCTAD (2008) finds that the welfare gains, based on CGE analysis, for Bangladesh are likely to be one of the highest. According to the study, export gains for Bangladesh in SAFTA market under the phaseI of liberalisation (2008-09) would be significant (38.08 per cent to South Asia), but not as high as the vizor export growth to SAFTA seen by other countries. The study further contends that Bangladesh will be able to increase her global exports by about 4.3 per cent by 2016 on account of SAFTA. A number of authors have highlighted the importance of better regional connectivity to foster and promote intra-regional trade and deepen economic cooperation among the regional countries.Rahmatullah (2010) points out in this connection that due to lack of integration of the transport system in South Asia, logistics costs are very high and ranges between 1314 per cent of GDP, compared to 8 per ce nt in the US. Whilst many studies have focused on aggregate level gains and losses originating from regional cooperation among SAARC countries, those focusing on identifying potential opportunities of bilateral trade between Bangladesh and India, at a disaggregated level, as was pointed out above are few. Additionally, in view of the rapid changes in the structure of bilateral trade in recent times, a closer look at the relevant issues has become even more urgent. Since the sensitive lists have emerged as a major area of concern, an indepth look at the Indian sensitive list, from the Bangladesh perspective, is also called for in order to identify the fall opportunities of market access by Bangladesh in the Indian market.The issue of signing bilateral FTA as a more comprehensive and speedier tool of enhancing trade among SAARC countries has been highlighted by a number of authors. de Mel (2010) points out in this connection that negative lists of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are sub stantially larger than those in the respective bilateral trade agreements. Echoing this, Weerakoon (2010) observes that SAFTA has already been overtaken by bilateral process in many instances, and would appear to be in danger of being further upstaged by bilateral and other regional initiatives.A review of literature thus, in general indicates that under the existing scenarios the potential benefits originating from regional trade cooperation among the SAARC countries would not be substantial. Bangladeshs gains also appear to be inconsequential. The idea of bilateral FTA has been examined by some, but here also the positive impact in terms of additional trade flows is rather limit. However, one common limitation of most of these studies had been that these are based on static analysis. One way of addressing this is to examine and analyse the data with regard to the dynamics of trade, its composition and putting under scrutiny factors contributing to and factors constraining the trad e flows.